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HLA complex and its significance in biology and medicine
Histocompatibility molecules are genetically determined proteins present in membranes of all nucleated cells. They form a unique system for which the term “Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)” was coined. Each vertebrate species is characterised by its own MHC; that of humans has an abbreviation HLA. This acronym is derived from the words: “human leucocyte antigens” as its fist molecules were discovered in membranes of leucocytes.
HLA kompex a jeho biologický a medicínsky význam
Histokompatibilné molekuly sú geneticky determinované proteíny, ktorá sa nachádzajú v membránach všetkých jadrových buniek. Vytvárajú ucelený systém, ktorý sa označuje ako hlavný histokompatibilný komplex (MHC – Major Histocompatibility Complex). Každý živočíšny druh má svoj MHC; u ľudí sa označuje skratkou HLA. Táto vznikla z prvých písmen označenia “Human leucocyte antigens” pretože prvé jeho molekuly boli objavené na leukocytoch.
Practicals in Immunology No.6: Methods used in Transplantation Immunology (HLA-Typing)
Presentation provides basic information on the HLA-complex and transplantation immunology, with focus on kidney and haematopoetic stem cell transplantations. Most important HLA-typing methods are explained as well as other techniques used in donor-recipient pair selection.
Foeto-maternal relationships. The immune system of newborns
.. mechanisms – special cells, cytokines, HLA molecules, peripheral tolerance take part.. .. mechanisms – special cells, cytokines, HLA molecules, peripheral tolerance take part in.
The immune.. .. down-regulated maternal immune response against HLA antigens of the foetus that it has inherited.. ..keywords: NK cells, HLA molecules, tolerance, immune system of.. ..keywords: NK cells, HLA molecules, tolerance, immune system of..
Antigen presentation; T cell mediated immunity
.. pathway and presented molecules are class II HLA molecules. T cell, that recognise presented.. .. are presented by exogenous pathway and presented molecules are class II HLA molecules. T cell, that.. ..keywords: presenting cells, HLA molecules, T cells and their.. ..keywords: presenting cells, HLA molecules, T cells and their..
Milestones of Immunology, Immune system - an overview, Antigen
.. systems represent blood groups ABO, Rh, and HLA.. .. One has to include to them also billions of molecules, approximately 1020 (antibodies, cytokines,..
Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease
.. and aberrant self-antigens can attack self-molecules. This inappropriate response of the immune.. .. major histocompatibility complex (MHC, i.e. the HLA complex in humans), and the function of MHC.. .. HLA complex in humans), and the function of MHC molecules is to present peptides to T cells. It should be..
Cytokines. PAMPs and PRRs
.. number of receptors. They recognise conserved molecules of microbes (that are absolutely vital for their..
Prezentácia antigénov
.. antigén (APC) a prezentačnými molekulami sú HLA-molekuly prvej triedy (endogénna dráha p.. .. ktorý sa viaže do žliabku vlastných molekúl hlavného histokompatibilného komplexu (HLA). Proces, .. ..keywords: antigénov, HLA, CD1, MR1,..
Antibodies. B cells
.. are molecules of glycoprotein nature that have ability to bind..
Autoimunita - všeobecné základy
.. často sú to chronické stavy a patria k hlavným medicínskym problémom dnešných indu.. .. peptidy, ktoré sa potom nadviažu do žliabku HLA-molekúl druhej triedy a celý komplex, t. j. H.. ..keywords: tolerancia, HLA-molekuly, T-lymfocyty, autoimunitné ..
B lymphocytes and plasma cells
.. complex of the immunoglobulin and transduction molecules is known as B cell receptor (BCR). Its functions..
Hypersensitivity reactions, types II till V
.. reflecting differences in the effector molecules generated in the course of the reaction. In.. .. formation of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins. These molecules activate mast cells to release permeability..