Physiology and Pathophysiology

The education and training of medical doctors and other health professionals are undergoing fundamental transformation in a worldwide context. The traditional teaching models are currently being substituted or complemented by up-to date study models. They open more space to innovative pedagogic strategies that facilitate active learning and student-centred teaching approaches.
Team-based learning (TBL) is an innovative teaching/learning strategy that is based on students’ learning in small teams. It is a relatively new approach in medical education, but the evidence for its academic effectiveness in this field is growing.
Authors of the booklet provide an overview of the basic concepts of the TBL and share their experience with introducing TBL into physiology teaching of medical students.

Metabolism, metabolic rate. Basal metabolic rate. Total daily energy expenditure. Factors that determine the metabolic rate. Measurement of the metabolic rate. Energy balance. Metabolism and physical activity. Oxygen debt. Efficiency of physical work. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohysrates. Fed state and fasting state metabolism.

Lymphatic vessels (lymphatic capillaries, collecting vessels, collecting ducts), lymph (origin, composition, formation), lymph flow (intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism), lymphatic tissues and organs (lymph nodes, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue - MALT, spleen, thymus), functions of lymphatic system.

Functional morphology of the vessels, general hemodynamics (velocity of blood flow, flow rate, types of blood flow, blood pressure, resistance of the vessels), functions of arteries, functions of capillaries, functions of veins, regulation of the vascular system, specifics of some circulations (coronary, cerebral, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, skeletal muscle and cutaneous).

Blood - composition and function. Blood and homeostasis. Red blood elements, haemoglobin. Blood groups, cross-matching test. Erthrocyte sedimenation rate, haematocrit. Leukocytes - types and their immune functions. Platelets and haemostasis. Haemocoagulation. Blood plasma - composition, functios. Haemopoiesis.

1. Part 1 - Physiology of the heart
Contents: Functional morphology of the heart, physiological properties of the heart (chronotropy, dromotropy, bathmotropy, inotropy), metabolism of the heart, cardiac cycle, manifestations of the heart activity (acoustic, electric, mechanical), regulation of the heart (autoregulation, nervous regulation, humoral regulation, effect of the temperature on the heart)

 

Slides to the lecture on blood physiology.

Blood - composition, functions. Erythrocytes and their function, haemoglobin. Blood groups. Platelets and haemostasis. Leukocytes and their immune unctions. Plasma - composition, function, osmotic and oncotic pressure. Haemopoiesis. Blood and acid-base balance.

ECG description, basic pathological findings, step to step description of ECG. 

Definition and composition of blood, its function. Determination of hematocrite, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and osmotic resistance. 

 Blood groups, its determinants, Rh factor, complicationts of transfusion